https://repositorio.uleam.edu.ec/handle/123456789/311 2026-04-08T08:05:56Z 2026-04-08T08:05:56Z Zambrano Zambrano, Melanie Estefania https://repositorio.uleam.edu.ec/handle/123456789/5919 2025-01-10T20:45:09Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título : Factores de riesgo asociados a la enfermedad periodontal durante el período de gestación. Autor : Zambrano Zambrano, Melanie Estefania Resumen : Pregnancy involves a series of changes at the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, immunological and psychological levels which are reversed after delivery. Periodontal disease has been associated with adverse problems during pregnancy such as preterm birth, low birth weight and length, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and fetal loss. The objective was to determine the risk factors associated with periodontal disease during the gestation period. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out in which 20 articles published between 2015 and 2023 were included. Risk factors such as increased plasma concentration of sex hormones, increased of proinflammatory cytokines and a reduced host response to bacterial infections. Among the modifiable risk factors would be oral hygiene and plaque control that can influence the reduction in the risk of periodontitis and among the non-modifiable ones would be mainly the level of sex hormones in the blood. Periodontal disease during pregnancy is associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm birth, gestational diabetes, newborns of low weight and size, and in extreme cases spont neous abortion could occur. Descripción : El embarazo implica una serie de cambios a nivel cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematológico, respiratorio, urinario, endocrino, inmunológico y psicológico los cuales se revierten luego del parto.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z Zambrano Moreira, Fernando Josué https://repositorio.uleam.edu.ec/handle/123456789/5918 2025-01-10T20:37:33Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título : Influencia del tabaquismo en la formación de lesiones periodontales por nicotina. Autor : Zambrano Moreira, Fernando Josué Resumen : The prevalence and severity of periodontal lesions are greater in cigarette smokers than in non-smokers and the latter respond less favorably than non-smokers to surgical and non-surgical periodontal therapy. The objective was to determine the influence of smoking on the formation of periodontal lesions due to nicotine. A systematic review was carried out that included 21 articles published between 2015 and 2023. Among the mechanisms that can explain the pathophysiology of periodontal lesions due to nicotine in smoking patients are the decreased immune response of the host, substantial changes in the subgingival microflora that facilitates the acquisition and colonization of periodontal pathogens and the deterioration of periodontal tissues because there is activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, repressing fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament, increasing the generation of reactive oxygen cell species, cytokines/ chemokines, growth factors and breaking the balance of the microbiota. Periodontal lesions that can occur in smoking patients are apical periodontitis, bleeding on probing, periodontal pockets and clinical attachment loss. When comparing the prevalence of periodontal lesions due to nicotine in smokers and non-smokers, it is always higher among smokers. Descripción : La prevalencia y gravedad de las lesiones periodontales son mayores en fumadores de cigarrillos que en no fumadores y estos últimos responden menos favorablemente que los no fumadores a la terapia periodontal quirúrgica y no quirúrgica.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z Zambrano García, Lucía Jamileth https://repositorio.uleam.edu.ec/handle/123456789/5917 2025-01-10T19:52:53Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título : Efectividad del blanqueamiento dental con peróxido de hidrogeno al 35% sobre el sellado marginal de restauraciones con resinas compuestas. Autor : Zambrano García, Lucía Jamileth Resumen : Tooth whitening with 35% hydrogen peroxide in the marginal sealing of restorations with composite resins is a common procedure in which several aspects must be understood and essentially addressed, such as their interaction and effectiveness at the interface of resinous materials. teeth with pre-existing composite resin restorations, in order to guarantee their durability and stability Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of dental whitening with 35% hydrogen peroxide on the marginal sealing of composite resin restorations. Methodology: This research has a systematic review design, which includes pertinent information from academic or scientific articles that allow for answers and/or solutions to the research problem Results: the action of hydrogen peroxide results in a series of risks such as roughness on the enamel surfaces, as well as discrete and irregular increases in porosity. Conclusions: it was shown that despite being conservative and giving satisfactory results to patients, lightening agents may or may not alter the dental tissue, as well as the resin restorations and the union between them, weakening them and exposing them to post-operative sensitivity. Descripción : El blanqueamiento dental con peróxido de hidrogeno al 35% en el sellado marginal de restauraciones con resinas compuesta es un procedimiento común en el que se debe comprender y abordar de manera esencial varios aspectos, como su interacción y la efectividad en la interfase de materiales resinosos de las piezas dentarias con restauraciones de resinas compuestas preexistentes, para así poder garantizar la durabilidad y estabilidad de las mismas. Evaluar

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z Villavicencio Cevallos, Adán Gabriel https://repositorio.uleam.edu.ec/handle/123456789/5916 2025-01-10T19:40:55Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título : Manejo terapéutico de la lesión de furca grado II en molares en el maxilar superior y maxilar inferior, en la terapia periodontal. Autor : Villavicencio Cevallos, Adán Gabriel Resumen : The decision about a specific treatment modality in furcation lesions associated with periodontitis depends on several factors: age of the patient, systemic conditions, form of expression of periodontal disease, affected tooth, degree of furcation involvement and role of the involved tooth in the treatment plan. Objective: To describe the therapeutic management of grade II furcation lesion in molars in the upper and lower jaw in periodontal therapy. Methods: This research has a systematic review design. This research includes clear and structured summaries of the information about the therapeutic management of grade II furcation lesion in molars in the upper and lower jaw, in periodontal therapy. Results: 23 articles were taken into account, 14 of which were used to make a narrative table that summarizes the information of the articles and helps to understand them, showing the classification of furcation, anatomical characteristics, causal factors, maintenance measures. Conclusions: The therapeutic management of grade II furcation lesions in maxillary and mandibular molars in periodontal therapy requires a multidisciplinary and personalized approach. Through a combination of accurate diagnostics, advanced non-surgical and surgical treatment, and a rigorous maintenance protocol, it is possible to significantly improve clinical outcomes and periodontal health of patients. Continued research and patient education will remain fundamental pillars for the advancement in the treatment of these complex periodontal lesions. Descripción : La decisión acerca de una modalidad de tratamiento específico en lesiones de furcación asociadas a periodontitis depende de varios factores: edad del paciente, condiciones sistémicas, forma de expresión de la enfermedad periodontal, diente afectado, grado de afectación de la furca y papel del diente implicado en el plan de tratamiento.

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