Bruxismo y su repercusión en el sistema estomatognático.

Abstract

Bruxism is a repetitive activity of the jaw muscles characterized by clenching or grinding the teeth. It encompasses two different circadian manifestations: sleep bruxism, which occurs when the person is sleeping; and awake bruxism, which occurs while awake. The objective was to determine the repercussions of bruxism on the stomatognathic system. A systematic review was carried out that included 20 articles published between 2015 and 2023. The clinical manifestations of bruxism on dental structures include tooth wear. This clinical situation is characterized by wear of the incisal edges and occlusal surfaces of the teeth. In some cases, bruxism can lead to tooth loss. At the level of the muscles of the stomatognathic system, pain, dysfunctions, and presence of hypertrophy of the masticatory muscles may occur. Meanwhile, the clinical consequences of bruxism in the temporomandibular joint include arthralgias and joint pathologies such as disc displacement and joint noises. The structures of the stomatognathic system should not be considered in isolation, both the teeth, the temporomandibular joints and the masticatory muscles are interrelated, and bruxism can affect each of these structures, which decreases the quality of life of patients. Dentists must be able to carry out preventive and treatment actions that help patients facing this situation.