Intervención de enfermería para la prevención de neumonía nosocomial en pacientes hospitalizados.

Abstract

To examine nursing interventions for the prevention of nosocomial pneumonia (NP) in hospitalized patients through a systematic literature review, aiming to synthesize the available scientific evidence on effective prevention practices. A descriptive and non-experimental approach based on a bibliographic review of recent scientific articles. Fifteen relevant articles were selected from a total of 50, utilizing indexed sources such as PubMed, Scopus, Redalyc, and Science Direct. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to select relevant articles, encompassing publications in English and Spanish from peer-reviewed journals. The results highlighted the importance of implementing standardized protocols, continuous education for nursing staff, and the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for patient monitoring and management. Key biosecurity measures, such as hand hygiene, the use of protective barriers, and rigorous disinfection of medical equipment, were identified. Additionally, multidisciplinary collaboration between nurses, doctors, and other healthcare professionals was emphasized as an effective strategy to optimize care quality and clinical outcomes. The need to implement NP prevention strategies based on scientific evidence is emphasized, as well as the importance of strengthening the ongoing education of nursing staff. Multidisciplinary collaboration is crucial to improving care quality and reducing the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in hospitalized patients.