Intervención de enfermería en el adulto mayor con complicaciones visuales por Diabetes Mellitus.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing concern in the health sector due to its complications, such as blindness. Currently, more than one third of diabetic people worldwide will develop a form of retinopathy during their lifetime. In Cuba, the different types of visual impairment related to DM are due to cataracts, which are the main cause of blindness in that country. In Ecuador, in the city of Quito, about 25% of the diabetic population has a form of retinopathy. In patients with DM, retinopathy is more rapid in DMT2, while with a higher incidence of diabetic macular edema in DMT1. For this reason, the general objective is based on determining nursing interventions in older adults who present visual complications due to DM through bibliographic reviews to improve their quality of life. Thus, the formulation of the problem that seeks to identify such optimal interventions in older adults who present visual complications due to DM is presented. In this study, a non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive-retrospective bibliographic review of scientific articles from reliable databases was used. The theoretical methods used were inductivedeductive and analytical-synthetic. The main visual problems identified were diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, cataract and diabetic macular edema. The educational tool used was a Standardized Care Plan for nursing staff. This strategy aims to improve knowledge among nurses and provide better care to this type of patients by encouraging more research based on nursing theories to verify their usefulness and provide critical judgments. It advises nursing staff to constantly update information on nursing interventions, develop independent activities and apply the proposed study to the specific population.