Virus del papiloma humano y su asociación con el cáncer orofaríngeo. Revisión sistemática.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the association between human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer. Oropharyngeal cancer is a type of head and neck cancer and currently has the sixth highest incidence worldwide. Most oropharyngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas that arise from the base of the oropharynx. arising from the base of the tongue, the soft palate, the tonsils and the back of the throat. back of the throat. Human papillomavirus is a deoxyribonucleic acid virus which belongs to the Papilloma viridae family; to the genus Alphapapilloma virus. A systemic literature review was carried out with a descriptive approach through an exhaustive search in different databases such as: National Institutes of Health (NIH), Scielo, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Campbell Collaboration and PUBMED. For the research, the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) page was checked, as well as the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) page. A selection of 200 articles was made, of which we worked with 20 since they met the inclusion criteria proposed for this work. These articles were found in Spanish/English language and varied in a range of time between 2017-2023. The results showed that the most prevalent manifestations of HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma are masses in the neck, odynophagia, dysphagia or a tumor in the tonsil. Within the most frequent location of oropharyngeal carcinoma, it was found that it arises in 8% in non-tonsillar sites and 92% in lingual and palatine tonsils. The human papillomavirus has more than 100 identified types of which there are high, medium and low risk genotypes. HPV16 is the most common, with a prevalence of over 70% in oropharyngeal cancer, followed by HPV18 (14%) worldwide. For the detection of HPV in oropharynx we have several laboratory tests such as PCR, In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry, being PCR the GOLD STANDARD.