Relación de la salud bucal y el estado de salud general en pacientes con insuficiencia renal.

Abstract

Chronic kidney failure involves a set of abnormalities in the structure or function of the kidney, present for at least three months. There is evidence of a bidirectional relationship between kidney failure and oral health. The objective was to determine the relationship between oral health and general health status in patients with kidney failure. A systematic review was carried out in which 20 articles published between 2019 and 2024 were included. Renal failure implies the deterioration of kidney function and factors such as age, diabetes, hypertension, overweight are involved in its etiopathogenesis. or obesity, a primary kidney disorder and chronic low-grade inflammation. There are several risk factors for developing oral diseases in patients with kidney failure. One of the main ones is decreased salivary flow, which causes xerostomia, dry mouth syndrome and increases the risk of cavities and periodontal disease. Another factor is related to changes in bone and mineral structure and metabolism that compromise the craniofacial bone complex with clinical situations such as renal osteodystrophy characterized by a marked expansion of the jaws and asymmetry. Oral diseases that patients with kidney failure may present include xerostomia, enamel development defects, maxillary osteodystrophy, caries and periodontal disease.