Áreas de ocupación en el trastorno del Espectro Autista en la transición a la adultez.

Abstract

The present study was carried out with the objective of identifying the main areas of occupation affected in people with autism spectrum disorder during the transition to adulthood. The methodology was established under the systematic method, where articles were searched in databases such as Elsevier, Scielo, Scopus, Pubmed, Redacly and Dialnet, between the years 2015 to 2024, with a total of 18 articles extracted. The results show that hormonal and metabolic alterations negatively impact autonomy, with challenges in self-care, mobility and social skills. Occupational therapy interventions, such as Sensory Integration (SI) and Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), stand out for addressing specific sensory and behavioral needs, promoting functional skills and social inclusion. However, the need for interdisciplinary approaches that adapt the environment and train for labor insertion was evident, as well as family and social support emerges as an essential factor, promoting self-determination, as families, in collaboration with health professionals, guarantee access to resources and provide an environment of continuous support, while social networks, although limited, are key to managing stress and strengthening adaptation to new roles. It was concluded that a comprehensive approach that combines therapeutic intervention, education for caregivers and strengthening social support can promote a successful transition and improve quality of life at this critical stage, underscoring the importance of validating neurodiverse identity and encouraging active participation.