Trastorno de succión y deglución en pacientes neonatales hospitalizados.

Abstract

Sucking and swallowing disorders are present in the hospitalization rooms of health homes, these disorders are caused by different causes, which lead to an increase in the length of stay of the RN, which is why the objective is to be able to analyze intervention in sucking and swallowing disorders in the hospitalized neonatal population, this systematic review study is descriptive cross-sectional. The population of 335 scientific articles taking into account aspects such as the database from which the information was obtained, year of publication and country where it was published, with a sample of 33 articles related to sucking and swallowing disorders. The results obtained were that among the causal agents for neonatal hospitalization are premature birth, respiratory infections, sepsis, low weight, etc. That the speech therapy intervention focuses on the application of orofacial motor skills, myofunctional therapy and the PIOMI method. While the length of stay varies between 5 and 30 days of hospitalization depending on the need and degree of affectation. In conclusion, the causal agents can occur from the peri- and postnatal stages, with prematureness at the top of the list. The stimulation of the orofacial structures will provide correct functioning of these structures through the application of orofacial rehabilitation by the speech therapist, in this way the impact on RNs will be around the length of hospitalization they require.