Fonoaudiología en el proceso de decanulación en pacientes traqueostomizados.

Abstract

The present research, titled “Speech Therapy in the Decannulation Process of Tracheostomized Patients”, aims to explore the speech therapy techniques and protocols for decannulation in tracheostomized patients. It emphasizes the role of the speech therapist in the clinical assessment of decannulation criteria, highlighting their importance in understanding the functions related to the aerodigestive crossroads. A systematic review was conducted to gather updated and relevant information about the role of speech therapy in the clinical management of tracheostomized patients, providing a comprehensive understanding of the impact of speech therapy approaches on the decannulation process. The present study is based on a systematic and bibliographic review

A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure where an opening is made in the trachea to insert a cannula, enabling direct airflow to the lungs due to an alteration or damage in the upper airway that prevents normal physiological function and requires prolonged mechanical ventilation. This may be caused by conditions such as respiratory failure, upper airway obstructions, or neuromotor disorders. Decannulation involves the definitive removal of the tracheostomy cannula, performed when the patient no longer requires prolonged mechanical ventilation and has regained the ability to breathe effectively and safely. The decision to proceed with decannulation is made by a multidisciplinary team through a comprehensive evaluation of the functions affected by the tracheostomy. Speech therapists play a critical role in assessing respiratory, swallowing, and phonatory functions. Proper evaluation reduces the risks of decannulation failure in tracheostomized patients.