Efectos de el niño - oscilación del sur (enos) en la pesca del ecuador: una revisión sistemática 1982- 1997.

Abstract

The El Niño phenomenon of 1982 and 1997 had a significant impact on fishing and marine ecosystems in Ecuador. These extreme climatic events caused changes in oceanographic conditions, displacement of marine species, decline in commercial species catch, impact on food security, damage to fishing infrastructure, and alterations in marine ecosystem dynamics. During the El Niño event of 1982, there was a marked warming of the water in the tropical Pacific Ocean, which disrupted oceanographic conditions and affected marine ecosystems. There was a displacement of marine species towards warmer or colder areas, altering migration routes and geographical distribution. This resulted in a significant decrease in the catch of commercial species such as tuna and anchovy, impacting fishing activity and fishermen's income. Moreover, the reduction in the availability of food from fishing affected the food security of coastal communities. The El Niño events also caused damage to fishing infrastructure such as ports, docks, and vessels, further hampering fishing activity and the recovery capacity of affected communities. These extreme climatic events disrupted the dynamics of marine ecosystems, which can have long-term consequences for the productivity and biodiversity of coastal ecosystems. The El Niño events of 1982 and 1997 had a significant impact on fishing and marine ecosystems in Ecuador.