Marasmo infantil: caracterización clínica, factores de riesgo y estrategias de prevención para la salud nutricional en niños menores de 5 años.

Abstract

The study focused on childhood marasmus, a severe form of malnutrition that affects children under 5 years of age. The main objective of the research was to synthesize current scientific evidence on the clinical characterization, risk factors and prevention strategies of childhood marasmus. The problem statement addressed the persistence of childhood marasmus as a public health challenge despite advances in health and nutrition. The research was justified by the need to generate knowledge that contributes to the formulation of more effective policies and programs to combat childhood marasmus. The methodology used was a systematic review of the scientific literature, following the guidelines of the PRISMA declaration. The results obtained showed a consensus in the clinical characterization of childhood marasmus, highlighting wasting, growth retardation and alterations of the central nervous system. Risk factors were identified such as inadequate breastfeeding, low socioeconomic level, lack of maternal education and childhood illnesses. Regarding prevention, the need for a comprehensive approach that encompasses nutritional, educational and socioeconomic interventions was highlighted. The research conclusions highlighted the importance of early detection, timely treatment and comprehensive care of childhood marasmus. The implementation of growth monitoring programs, the promotion of breastfeeding, the reduction of poverty and inequality, and the empowerment of women were recommended.