Síndrome de guillain-barré asociado a post infección covid-19: una revisión sistemática.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on global health, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, an autoimmune disease affecting peripheral nerves that may manifest following infections such as SARS-CoV-2. Given its severity and potential sequelae, it is essential to investigate its relationship with COVID-19. Objective: To analyze the relationship between Guillain-Barré syndrome and COVID-19 infection. Method: A systematic review of clinical series published between 2019 and 2023 in English and Spanish was conducted, including patients over 18 years old. Information sources included PubMed and LILACS, using MeSH terms and Boolean operators. Article selection was based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and quality was assessed using the JBI checklist. Results: Patients with post-COVID-19 Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) exhibit variable demographic and clinical characteristics, with ages ranging from 23 to 88 years and no clear sex predominance. The most frequent comorbidities are hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. The interval between infection and GBS varies from 1 day to 8 weeks. The most common variants are AIDP and AMAN, with consistent CSF and electrophysiological findings. Treatment with IVIg and plasmapheresis shows improvement in most cases, although some have unfavorable outcomes. Conclusions: It is recommended to further investigate the immunological mechanisms involved in post-COVID-19 GBS to develop more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.