Impacto de cirugía bariátrica en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo II.

Abstract

Type II Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that tends to increase in percentage over time due to poor diet and lack of physical activity. One of the main predisposing factors is obesity, which is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide, other diseases are cardiovascular diseases and strokes. Despite the efforts of health organizations to mitigate its impact, unhealthy eating habits, excessive calorie consumption and sedentary lifestyle have contributed to its alarming increase. In this context, bariatric surgery has emerged as an effective alternative for weight control and treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus in patients with severe obesity. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery in obese patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus, focusing on its effectiveness, the associated risks and benefits, as well as the evolution of nutritional status before and after the surgical procedure. To this end, a documentary review was carried out with an analytical-descriptive approach, based on scientific research that analyzes the relationship between bariatric surgery and the improvement of glycemic control in patients with this disease. The findings obtained indicate that bariatric surgery generates significant physiological changes that favor weight loss and improve glucose metabolism. Among the mechanisms involved are the alteration in the production of gastrointestinal hormones, the modification of the intestinal microbiota and greater sensitivity to insulin. It has been shown that remission of Type II Diabetes Mellitus is more frequent in younger patients with a shorter time of evolution of the disease. Regarding the most recommended surgical procedures, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy have been shown to be the most effective in terms of glycemic control and weight reduction. However, it is important to consider that these procedures are not free of risks, as they can cause complications such as nutritional deficiencies, gastroesophageal reflux, postoperative infections and thrombosis.