Prevención de complicaciones de la hipertensión arterial, desde la perspectiva de enfermería.

Abstract

Arterial hypertension is defined as an elevation of blood pressure above normal values that represents an important challenge for the health of the population due to its high prevalence and the resulting serious complications, becoming one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Objective: To develop an educational manual for the prevention of complications of arterial hypertension. Methodology: This is an analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, cross-sectional study, following the methodology of bibliographic reviews. For the search for information, descriptors such as arterial hypertension, complications of arterial hypertension, nursing interventions in the hypertensive patient were used in different databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, Redalyc, Dialnet and SciELO, as well as sources from national and international organizations. Results: The most prevalent risk factors associated with high blood pressure were determined; modifiable factors include overweight or obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcohol consumption, and unhealthy diet; and non-modifiable factors include ethnicity, sex, and age. Complications of high blood pressure were also identified, the most frequent being cerebrovascular accidents (ischemic and hemorrhagic), followed by acute myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease, and ischemic retinopathy. Conclusions: It is of vital importance to carry out early interventions for prevention and diagnosis of arterial hypertension to avoid serious complications that produce alterations in the arteries, heart, brain, retina and kidneys.