Intervención de enfermería en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II diagnosticados con trastorno depresivo.

Abstract

Chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and depression are prevalent and have a bidirectional relationship, affecting patients' quality of life and treatment. The main objective of this research is to analyze the main nursing interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed with depressive disorder. The methodology used is a retrospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach, based on a bibliographic review of scientific articles on nursing interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and depressive disorder. Inductive-deductive, historical-logical, and analysis-synthesis methods were employed. The search was conducted in journals such as SciELO, PubMed, and Elsevier, with SciELO predominating at 53.3%, LILACS at 13.3%, and Elsevier at 10%. The results show that the most frequent complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus that trigger depression are: neuropathy (19.6%), retinopathy (15.2%), and nephropathy (10.9%). The most notable nursing interventions include education, promoting self-care, glycemic control, and emotional support. Furthermore, it was found that 27% of women with diabetes develop depressive disorders, compared to 18% of men. In conclusion, the physical complications of T2DM are related to emotional deterioration. Furthermore, nursing interventions should address both clinical and psychological aspects through education and emotional support, strengthening patient autonomy. Therefore, implementing an awareness and psychological support workshop would allow patients to learn about these topics and various strategies to help them cope with their disease, improving their quality of life.