Enterocolitis necrotizante en neonatos sometidos a nutrición enteral.

Abstract

This study is a systematic review of the analytical, descriptive, and quantitative literature. Regarding the time frame, it proposes a retrospective study reviewing the best available scientific evidence. The neonatal period is the period from birth to the first 28 days of life, a time during which the neonate experiences increased susceptibility due to various factors, such as the immaturity of the immune system. Enteral nutrition in sick newborns allows for better nutrient assimilation; however, it has been linked to the development of necrotizing enterocolitis. Necrotizing enterocolitis is a multifactorial entity that generates a devastating inflammatory state in the newborn's intestine. It frequently occurs in premature or very low birth weight newborns, and is associated with high mortality. The systematic literature review allowed for an in-depth analysis of the scientific evidence available over the past 5 years. The results obtained do not determine an association between enteral nutrition and the development of necrotizing enterocolitis that outweighs the benefits obtained from implementing enteral nutrition.