Gingivitis asociada a los cambios hormonales en adolescentes embarazadas

Abstract

Adolescent pregnancy is a global health problem that negatively affects the adolescent, the family and society as a whole. Every year about 20 million adolescents become pregnant. These pregnancies are often complicated and represent the second leading cause of death among adolescents. For this reason, pregnancy during adolescence is a public health problem with a global distribution, but especially in developing countries. During pregnancy, a series of temporary changes are observed in the body structures of women, which are the result of increased production of estrogens, progesterone and gonadotropins and this can affect the gums and cause gingivitis. The objective of the research was to describe the etiopathogenesis of gingivitis associated with hormonal changes in pregnant adolescents. It was a literature review. In total ten articles published between 2010 and 2016 were included. Four of all studies were cohort studies. Gingivitis associated with hormonal changes in pregnant adolescents is gingivitis induced by bacterial plaque, but modified by the action of hormones that can stimulate a greater inflammatory reaction. The factors that intervene in the etiopathogenesis of this process remain unclear. It is believed that the high levels of these hormones stimulate the subgingival microbiota and a spectrum of inflammatory responses in the gingival tissues through changes in chemotaxis, cytokines, enzymes and antioxidants.