Relación estrés – bruxismo. Revisión bibliográfica.

Abstract

Bruxism is a repetitive activity of the jaw muscles that is characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth. They are parafunctional movements that become an oral habit, it can be rhythmic or spasmodic, the movements are different from those of chewing and can lead to occlusal trauma. For its part, stress is a physiological or psychological response that is defined as a negative emotional experience that is accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes that are aimed at altering the stressful event or adjusting to its effects. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between stress and bruxism. A review of the literature was carried out to locate the evidence to answer the scientific questions of this research. The results show that among the etiological factors of bruxism in adults, emotional stress, tobacco, alcohol or coffee consumption, sleep apnea syndrome and anxiety disorders can be mentioned. While, in children and adolescents, it is suggested for anxiety, behavioral disorders and sleep disorders. Psychosocial factors such as stress or personal characteristics, and factors such as caffeine consumption, use of some medications and illicit drugs, sleep disorders, and involvement of the dopaminergic system are usually present in the etiology of bruxism. In conclusion, there is no single factor responsible for the appearance of bruxism.