Proyecto de investigación previo a la obtención del título de odontólogo.

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes, the most common form of diabetes, occurs when the blood glucose level becomes too high. Glucose, which is the body's main source of energy, comes mostly from the food we eat. Insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas, facilitates the entry of glucose into cells so that it can be used for energy. In type II diabetes, the body does not produce enough insulin or does not use it effectively, resulting in too much glucose in the blood and not enough glucose in the cells. Diabetes Mellitus type II is a condition that impacts the entire body, including the oral cavity. Often, the dentist can identify certain oral manifestations that, although they are not specific signs of diabetes, may be indicative due to their location and characteristics. This may lead the dentist to suspect the presence of the disease and recommend routine tests for diagnosis. In patients with type II diabetes, the oral cavity can be affected by various conditions. Among the most common is periodontal disease, which includes gingivitis and periodontitis. High glucose in saliva promotes bacterial growth, causing inflammation, bleeding gums and loss of periodontal tissue. Xerostomia or dry mouth can cause discomfort, difficulty swallowing, and high glucose in saliva favors the development of dental cavities by feeding bacteria that produce acids that damage tooth enamel.