Efectividad de antifibróticos e inmunosupresores en el tratamiento de la fibrosis pulmonar idiopática en adultos.

Abstract

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the accumulation of fibrous tissue in the lungs, resulting in impaired respiratory function, progressive dyspnea and a significant decrease in patients' quality of life and survival. This research focuses on conducting a systematic literature review to compare the effectiveness and safety of antifibrotic and immunosuppressive therapies in adults diagnosed with IPF, in order to provide a sound basis for clinical decision making. The review included clinical, observational and meta-analysis studies obtained using PRISMA methodology, with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the quality and relevance of the sources. The results demonstrate that antifibrotics, such as pirfenidone and nintedanib, are effective in slowing disease progression, stabilizing lung function, reducing the incidence of acute exacerbations and improving patients' quality of life. In contrast, immunosuppressants have shown inconsistent benefits and are associated with an increased risk of serious adverse effects, including infections and increased mortality, limiting their applicability in the standard management of IPF. In addition to consolidating the evidence on current treatments, this research highlights the importance of exploring emerging therapeutic approaches, such as gene therapy, lung microbiota modulation, and regenerative medicine, which could offer more effective and personalized solutions in the future. The findings underscore the need for further research to optimize therapeutic strategies, reduce associated risks, and improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients.