Cuidados de enfermería en el adulto mayor con riesgo a enfermedades cardiovascular.

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, particularly affecting older adults. In this context, nursing care is essential for prevention, early detection, and appropriate treatment, with the aim of improving patients’ quality of life and autonomy. Objective: To review the scientific literature on nursing care provided to older adults at risk of cardiovascular diseases, as well as the medications used to prevent or treat these conditions. Methodology: A cross-sectional, retrospective, and qualitative study was conducted. A literature review was carried out using Google Scholar and databases such as Scielo, Dialnet, Elsevier, and university repositories. Keywords included “nursing care,” “older adults,” “cardiovascular diseases,” and “diuretic medications,” based on Dorothea Orem’s self-care theory. Results: Nursing care focuses on identifying warning signs, managing medical therapy, providing health education, promoting healthy lifestyle habits, and offering emotional support. Medications such as anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, antihypertensives, beta-blockers, statins, and diuretics were described, including their uses, mechanisms of action, contraindications, and side effects. Conclusion: It is essential to strengthen the quality and continuity of nursing care for older adults at cardiovascular risk, promoting self-care and providing clear information about proper medication use.