Hemorragia postparto como factor de riesgo en adolescentes menores de 20 años.

Abstract

Postpartum hemorrhage is uterine bleeding produced in the first 24 hours and is one of the main causes of maternal death worldwide due to the various complications that can occur due to late diagnosis in many cases. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of postpartum hemorrhage and its risks in adolescent women under 20 years of age. The methodology applied was based on a non-experimental, descriptive design developed under the technique of bibliographic and documentary information collection, through databases such as Google Scholar, Scielo, Dialnet, Science Direct, Redalyc and Elsevier. A population of 37 studies was considered, of which 20 articles corresponding to the last five years (2019-2023) were taken as a sample. The results of the studies analyzed indicate that risk factors predominate in postpartum hemorrhage, most frequently originated by uterine atony, with a higher prevalence in adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age. The complications that usually occur in this age group are hypovolemic shock, water anemia, blood transfusion and surgical intervention, which have a significant impact on maternal morbidity and long-term disability. In this sense, it is important that higher education institutions, through the participation of nursing students, strengthen sexual and reproductive education in adolescents to reduce the probability and impact of adolescent pregnancies. Therefore, a significant contribution is generated as a nursing professional with an action plan to develop educational talks aimed at minimizing risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage in adolescents. With strategies and activities that can be developed by actors such as: Ministry of Health, educational units and higher education institutions (universities) with the participation of nursing students.