Rol de enfermería en pacientes pediátricos con cardiopatías congénitas.

Abstract

Congenital heart diseases are a condition that affects a broad pediatric population worldwide, generating significant consequences in the human, social, and economic spheres. This research arises with the purpose of analyzing the role played by nursing in the care of these patients, as well as identifying the risk factors and preventive strategies that allow for the optimization of care provided to children with this condition. Objective: To describe the nursing role in pediatric patients with congenital heart diseases through the collection and analysis of documentary information. Methodology: A qualitative study with a documentary approach, based on bibliographic review. Scientific databases such as Scielo, PubMed, Elsevier, Redalyc, Dialnet, and Cochrane were consulted. Theoretical methods such as analysis-synthesis, historical-logical, and inductive-deductive were applied. The inclusion criteria focused on articles from the last 10 years. Results: It was evidenced that congenital heart diseases are more frequent in neonates with a gestational age of less than 30 weeks and weight under 3000 g. Additionally, 64% of the cases presented vital risk and 95.10% corresponded to acyanotic heart diseases. Conclusions: An educational guide was developed for parents, highlighting the nursing educational role based on Orem’s theory. Interventions focused on prevention, clinical monitoring, and family support, improving the quality of life of pediatric patients.