Intervención de enfermería, embarazo precoz y su incidencia en la deserción estudiantil.

Abstract

The general objective of this study is to determine nursing strategies in the management of early pregnancy and their incidence in student dropout. The methodology used included a systematic review of the literature through databases such as Scielo, Redalyc, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, selecting 21 studies published between 2019 and 2024. The PRISMA protocol was applied to ensure the quality and relevance of the studies. The main results indicate that comprehensive sex education programs and emotional support are essential to reduce adolescent pregnancy and school dropout rates. Educational programs provide adolescents with accurate information and practical skills that support informed decision-making; Meanwhile, the emotional support provided by family, peers, friends, and staff within their school environment creates a more stable and empathetic environment that decreases the likelihood of dropping out of school no matter their situation. The prevalence of adolescent pregnancy varies according to the geographical context, being highest in Pakistan at 42.5%. As part of the study, an educational proposal was designed aimed at strengthening prenatal control, access to social services, and educational continuity in pregnant adolescents. Conclusion: Implementing comprehensive sex education programs and strengthening emotional and social support systems are effective nursing strategies to reduce early pregnancy and student dropout. These interventions must be culturally sensitive and tailored to the specific needs of the adolescent population to improve health and educational outcomes.