Alteraciones odontoestomatológicas en el niño con síndrome de Down.

Abstract

Down Syndrome is a genetic anomaly due to trisomy of chromosome 21, it is one of the most common associated with mental retardation, it also presents a wide variety of medical complications, as well as specific odontostomatological alterations, many of which These alterations may be directly related to oral health and the quality of life of the affected child. Children who suffer from this syndrome at the level of the oral cavity will be affected both the hard and soft structures: tongue, oral mucosa, lips, salivary glands, soft palate and dentition (in terms of size, shape, number, position and delayed eruption time). These oral manifestations typical of this systemic condition will facilitate the appearance of other oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Objective: To determine odontostomatological alterations in children with Down syndrome. Methodology: a bibliographic review was carried out, based on the search for articles, books, magazines, from different digital platforms such as Pubmed, Scielo, academic Google, Epistemonikos and SemanticScholar, in Spanish and English, where 30 articles were found, of which 15 They were decisive for the investigation. Results: the odontostomatological alterations in children with Down syndrome are diverse, those that occur more frequently and several authors agree are microdontia, gingivitis or periodontal disease, dental anomalies, fissured tongue, delayed tooth eruption, agenesis and dental crowding. Conclusions: it is important to know the most frequent oral alterations that children with this condition present, in order to provide adequate and preventive treatments, likewise parents should be trained in what concerns oral care at home, and in turn recognize the need for recurrent professional care in these patients. specials.