Rol del enfermero en los cuidados a paciente adulto mayor diagnosticado con hipertensión arterial y riesgo de complicaciones cardiovasculares.

Abstract

High blood pressure is a multi-etiological disease, characterized by high blood pressure that affects 25% of the adult population worldwide. This problem is particularly prevalent in older adults with unhealthy lifestyles, which increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. Objective: To develop an educational guide aimed at patients diagnosed with high blood pressure and risks of cardiovascular complications. Methodology: This research is Analytical-synthetic, Inductive-deductive, cross-sectional, bibliographical and documentary. Analysis and interpretation: 40 were the works that constituted the documentary population of this research, Scielo and Science are the most used sources, each representing 13% of the articles reviewed. The journals Española de Geriatría y Gerontología and Eugenio Espejo contribute 10% each. Other sources, such as the Pan American Journal of Public Health and the Sanitary Research Journal, have a contribution of 8%. The other publications have a lower participation, 5% or less. Results: High blood pressure (HTN) is highly prevalent in the elderly population and requires constant attention to avoid complications. Only between 5% and 10% of HTN cases are secondary, related to an underlying pathology. HTN affects 20% to 40% of adults and is linked to 1.6 million deaths annually from cardiovascular diseases, establishing it as one of the most significant cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: The research establishes a solid theoretical basis on high blood pressure and its cardiovascular complications, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach in its management. Despite advances in treatment, a high risk of complications persists, especially in patients with comorbidities, emphasizing the importance of improving prevention and control strategies.