Intervención de enfermería en el cuidado postquirúrgico en pacientes con diagnóstico de peritonitis.

Abstract

Introduction: Incisional infections have rates between 3.3% and 10.3%, and organ space infections reach 9.4%. There is great variability in surgical management and results, influenced by factors such as surgical approach, applied technique, type and duration of antibiotic therapy, and surgical wound closure. Objective. To analyze a nursing intervention guide for the care and prevention of post-surgical infections in patients diagnosed with peritonitis. Methodology. Descriptive bibliographic review in which a search of scientific literature was carried out in various databases, such as PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Medigraphic, Redalyc and the WHO, covering a sample of 35 articles. Analytical-synthetic and descriptiveretrospective methods were used to evaluate and determine the nursing interventions that improve the quality of post-surgical care. Results. The analyses highlight the importance of nursing professionals possessing scientific, methodological and technical knowledge, as well as proactive skills and attitudes to identify and mitigate potential postoperative complications. The need to implement appropriate protocols and ongoing training of nursing staff is emphasized to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections (SSI), improve patient care, and decrease mortality and morbidity associated with postoperative peritonitis. Conclusion. The implementation of evidence-based nursing interventions and adequate ongoing training are crucial to improve the quality of postoperative care in patients with peritonitis. Nursing professionals must be adequately trained and equipped to deal with the complexities and challenges of postoperative care, which will contribute to a significant reduction in complications and an improvement in patient clinical outcomes.