Avances tecnológicos en radiología oncológica.

Abstract

The general objective of this research is to identify technological advances in oncological radiology and their contribution to cancer diagnosis through a bibliographic review. The applied methodology included a descriptive and analytical analysis based on the PRISMA format for systematic reviews, using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to select studies published between 2018 and 2024 in English and Spanish, and addressing emerging technologies applied to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, especially breast, lung, and liver cancer. Health science metasearch engines such as Scielo, Redalyc, PubMed, and ScienceDirect were employed, using keywords related to oncological radiology and emerging technologies. The main results highlighted innovations such as external beam radiotherapy, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging in gynecological oncology, and the use of artificial intelligence in interventional oncology, which have improved treatment efficacy, planning, and diagnostic precision, increasing patient survival and quality of life. The conclusion of this review emphasizes that these technological advances have significantly transformed cancer diagnosis and treatment, providing more precise and effective tools that enhance clinical outcomes and patient quality of life, and that ongoing research in this field promises to continue bringing crucial innovations to more effectively combat cancer.