Incidencia de la medicina forense en la investigación del delito contra la libertad sexual en el Ecuador.

Abstract

This qualitative study, of a descriptive and analytical nature, focused on the incidence of forensic medical expertise in the investigation of crimes against sexual freedom in Ecuador. The starting point was the problem of the absence of the forensic doctor at the scene of the incident, the manipulation of evidence by untrained personnel and the high rates of impunity in these crimes, especially in cases involving children and adolescents. The main objective was to analyze the incidence of forensic medical expertise in judicial decisions. Through the bibliographic review and documentary analysis of laws and protocols, the role of forensic medicine was examined, its functions in the collection and analysis of evidence, and its relationship with other disciplines such as criminology and forensic psychology. It was determined that, although there is progress in training and the implementation of protocols, weaknesses persist such as lack of resources, inequality in access to services and the risk of revictimization. The results showed the importance of forensic medical expertise in the reconstruction of the events, the identification of aggressors and the determination of the existence of the crime. It was concluded that the participation of the forensic doctor is crucial to guarantee justice and care for victims, but it is necessary to strengthen the infrastructure, training and protocols to ensure the effectiveness and quality of the expertise.