Hipoacusias congénitas y su impacto durante los primeros años de vida.

Abstract

The present study deals with congenital hearing loss and its impact during the first years of life. Congenital hearing loss is a condition that affects approximately 1 in 1000 newborns and has a significant impact on the auditory, cognitive and emotional development of children during their first years of life. Congenital hearing loss can result from genetic, anatomical and environmental factors, which underscores the importance of proper newborn screening. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyze congenital hearing loss and its impact during the first years of life. For this purpose, a systematic review of relevant studies was carried out, analyzing data on genetic, anatomical and environmental factors associated with hearing loss, as well as the efficacy of neonatal screening programs and available interventions. The results indicate that the main causes of hearing loss include genetic mutations, congenital infections and structural anomalies. In addition, early interventions, such as the use of hearing aids and auditory-verbal therapy, were found to significantly improve the language and social development of diagnosed children. In conclusion, it is essential to strengthen early detection and treatment programs for congenital hearing loss to mitigate its negative effects and promote optimal development in affected children.