Variación de la comunidad fitoplanctónica en piscinas de cultivos de Litopenaeus vannamei en las parroquias Daule y Cojimíes, 2024.

Abstract

The research evaluated the variation of the phytoplankton community in shrimp farming ponds (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Daule and Cojimíes, 2024. Using a quantitative approach, physicochemical water parameters (pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity) and their relationship with phytoplankton abundance and diversity were analyzed. Descriptive and experimental methods were applied, with biweekly samples taken from two ponds. The results revealed a significant predominance of cyanobacteria, associated with eutrophic conditions and high nutrient availability, while diatoms and dinoflagellates were less abundant. Greater diversity was recorded in Cojimíes (33 species) than in Daule (27 species), attributed to differences in fertilization and water management. Changes in pH and temperature influenced phytoplankton composition and density. Although cianobacteria contribute by fixing nitrogen, they can cause issues such as harmful blooms, reducing disolved oxygen and affecting ecosystem health. It is concluded that proper management of physicochemical conditions and fertilization is crucial for maintaining phytoplankton biodiversity and optimizing shrimp farming productivity. Continuous monitoring, fertilization adjustments, and promoting phytoplankton diversity through sustainable practices, such as water exchange and the addition of key nutrients like silica, are recommended. These measures will enhance ecosystem resilience and the sustainability of aquaculture operations.