Estudio comparativo sobre la eficacia de los irrigantes de conductos radiculares en endodoncia.

Abstract

Endodontics, a crucial field within dentistry, focuses on treating root canals to preserve teeth severely damaged by decay, trauma, or infections. The effectiveness of endodontic procedures largely depends on the ability to properly clean and disinfect root canals, a task primarily achieved through irrigants. These liquids are introduced into the canal system to remove debris, microorganisms, and necrotic tissue, ensuring thorough disinfection before sealing the canal. The systematic review analyzed recent studies exploring a wide range of irrigants and irrigation techniques used in endodontics. Common agents such as sodium hypochlorite, known for its antimicrobial efficacy, as well as natural options like Azadirachta indica and normal saline solutions, were examined. These studies compared the ability of these irrigants to eliminate bacteria and residues within root canals, considering both primary and permanent teeth across diverse clinical contexts. In addition to irrigants, different methods of activating irrigant liquids were evaluated, such as ultrasonic and sonic agitation, which have shown significant improvements in cleaning efficacy in hard-to-reach areas like the apical third of canals. This review underscored the importance of considering factors such as canal anatomy, irrigation technique, and the type of agent used when assessing the effectiveness of endodontic treatment. The findings from this analysis provide a deep understanding of irrigants in endodontics and offer practical recommendations to optimize clinical protocols.