Albúmina sérica y su relación con las complicaciones en pacientes hemodializados.

Abstract

Hypoalbuminemia in hemodialysis patients is a critical condition that severely impacts health and quality of life, being associated with nutritional and metabolic deficiencies as well as an increased incidence and severity of complications. This report presents a systematic review of the literature to explore the relationship between serum albumin levels and complications in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The results indicate that hypoalbuminemia is significantly related to an increased risk of hospitalization and a longer duration of hospital stays, as well as greater severity of intradialytic complications such as infections and cardiovascular problems. Patients with low albumin levels experience a higher frequency of hospital admissions and severe complications, highlighting the importance of effectively monitoring and treating hypoalbuminemia. Although some studies suggest that the relationship between albumin levels and certain aspects of treatment is not always direct, the general trend is that hypoalbuminemia remains a critical predictor of poor clinical outcomes. Additionally, several potential interventions were identified to improve albumin levels and reduce complications: optimizing dialysate cooling, through the use of cooled dialysate, has been shown to improve albumin levels. Moreover, personalized nutritional intervention programs, which adjust energy and protein needs and manage electrolytes such as potassium, sodium, and phosphorus, have shown significant benefits in improving nutritional status and reducing severe malnutrition.