Factores asociados a mortalidad en neumonía comunitaria: un enfoque profundo.

Abstract

Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the most common lower respiratory tract infectious diseases that occurs outside of a hospital or long-term healthcare setting. Objective: To analyze the factors associated with mortality in community-acquired pneumonia. Methodology: A systematic review of scientific articles was conducted in the databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, in English and Spanish, published from 2019 to 2023, following the recommendations of the 2020 PRISMA Declaration. Results: Community-acquired pneumonia can be of bacterial, viral, or both origin. Risk factors for acquiring this pathology include preexisting diseases, socioeconomic risks, and lifestyle; in addition, there may be complications such as heart or respiratory failure, neurological disorders, septic shock, among others. Conclusions: Factors associated with mortality are advanced age, nutritional deficiency, abnormal laboratory values, and comorbidities.