Evaluación integral de factores de riesgo en neumonía asociada al ventilador en adultos de UCI.

Abstract

Pneumonia associated with invasive mechanical ventilation is a frequent pathology in intensive care units, which can have serious consequences, such as an increase in mortality and medical costs, as well as a decrease in the quality of life of patients. For this reason, the objective of the present study was to determine the risk factors related to in-hospital pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation in adult patients hospitalized in intensive care units. A systematic review type research was conducted based on the PRISMA methodology in which articles published during the period 2018 to 2023 were analyzed through reliable sources and databases such as Scielo, PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. The results show that there are several risk factors that lead to the development of pneumonia due to mechanical ventilation, among which age, long periods in intensive care units, bronchoaspirative episodes and comorbidities stand out; in addition, it was described that among the main microorganisms associated with this type of pneumonia are klebsiella pneumoniae, acinobacter baumannii, pseudomona aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation is a pathology with a frequent prevalence, which is directly associated with various factors that are part of the patient's condition, so that prevention is one of the fundamental measures to avoid these cases and, above all, to reduce morbidity and mortality.