Insuficiencia renal tras abandono del tratamiento en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, rol enfermero.

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease, a condition worsened when patients discontinue treatment. Therapeutic abandonment increases the risk of severe complications, reduces quality of life, and raises healthcare costs. Objective: To determine the nursing role in preventing and managing kidney failure among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who abandoned treatment, through a literature review. Methods: A documentary study was conducted, based on a systematic review of articles from recognized databases (PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect). Inclusion and exclusion criteria ensured the quality of the data, and the factors influencing non- adherence and the impact of nursing interventions were analyzed. Results: Scielo was the most widely used database (61.8%). The main factor for dropout was low educational level/adherence (34%). The most cited nursing role was health education (42%). Mexico (22%) and Brazil (20%) led the way in studies. Forty-five percent of the publications were published between 2021 and 2023. Conclusion: Nursing intervention through health education, emotional support, personalized follow-up, and self-care programs is essential to improve adherence, delay progression to end-stage renal failure, and optimize quality of life. Ongoing training and the implementation of specific educational strategies strengthen patient autonomy and commitment to treatment.