Hisopados rectales como método de identificación de bacterias multirresistentes en el área de cuidados intensivos del Hospital IESS de Manta.

Abstract

One of the major problems worldwide according to what is established by the WHO is determined by the presence of multi-resistant germs, which implies a major growing public health problem that considerably affects health systems in various regions of the world, increasing the rate, of healthcare costs and high rates of morbidity and mortality, thus generating greater risk for patients. This research is framed within the observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective design. The study population was made up of all patients who were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the IESS Manta General Hospital between the months of March and September 2024, who underwent rectal swabs upon admission. A database in Excel format was reviewed, which exclusively contained information relevant to data collection, in which the multidrug-resistant bacteria identified were recorded. The sample included 106 patients, and the study determined the percentage of multi-resistant bacteria in surveillance cultures performed at this hospital. It was observed that, at the time of admission, some patients had the usual microbial flora (53.8%), with the predominant bacteria being Escherichia coli producing extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), with a percentage of (23.6%). The ages of the patients ranged between 29 and 38 years, as well as between 59 and 68 years, with a higher percentage of males (50.5%). This study allowed the early identification of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the evaluation of their resistance profile, as well as the confirmation that rectal swab is a rapid and effective diagnostic method. This procedure facilitated the implementation of an active surveillance plan in the ICU, aimed at optimizing the management of infections and the rational use of antibiotics.