Manejo de la cetoacidosis diabética.

Abstract

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a medical emergency, caused by acute and significant insulin deficiency, associated with an excess of counterregulatory hormones, characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis and metabolic acidosis, due to alterations in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and protein, hydroelectrolytic balance and acid-base balance, whose diagnosis and therapeutic management is essential to improve the prognosis of patients. A systematic review of the literature was carried out based on scientific databases that have updated information related to the management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Eleven articles were identified using previously established selection criteria, which made it possible to collect and systematize updated information on fluid replacement with 0.45% and 0.9% sodium chloride and the use of balanced crystalloids. The correct use of rapid-acting insulin and subcutaneous insulin, the replacement of electrolytes such as potassium, sodium, phosphate, bicarbonate, and complications such as hypokalemia, hypoglycemia, and cerebral edema that occur in the therapeutic management of diabetic ketoacidosis , in people over 14 years of age, for its correct handling. Evidencing that it is imperative to establish prevention measures for diabetes mellitus and avoid associated complications, promote education to diabetic patients about Diabetic Ketoacidosis, raise awareness about the importance of adherence to treatment and adopt healthy lifestyles that improve the quality of life of the patients.