Evaluación de las deficiencias nutricionales en el cultivo de haba (phaseolus lunatus l.) en el sector El Carmen.

Abstract

Phaseolus lunatus is a crop of world importance. Its production does not correspond to the cultivated area, due to inadequate management of fertilization. The objective of this research was to evaluate growth and yield parameters in the absence and presence of macronutrients on plant height (PH), number of leaves (NH), days to flowering (DF), number of pods plant -1 (NP/P), biomass of a pod plant-1 (BP/P), biomass of pods without seeds (BPSS) and number of seeds pod-1. The trial was established in the province of Manabí, Ecuador, using seeds of “Haba” variety INIAP. The missing element technique was applied to design the treatments: T1 (without application), T2 (application of P and K), T3 (application of N and K), T4 (application of N and P) and T5 (application of N, P and K). The treatments were established in an experimental plot under a randomized complete block design, with four replications. For data analysis, an ADEVA was performed; in the variables that generated statistical differences, the Tukey test was used. The data was processed with InfoStat. The results presented statistical differences (P<0.01) for PH, NH and NP/P; the best treatment was T5 compared to T1 with the least favorable results. The PH range was from 110.75 cm to 221.02 cm, at 56 days after sowing, respectively for T5; while for T1 it was 98.32 cm and 204.07 cm. NH followed this trend, allowing T5 to obtain 101.80 leaves plant -1 at the last sampling, compared to 95.32 leaves plant-1 of T1. In NP/P T5 was the best treatment (15.05 pods plant-1) and T2 the least (13.02), but it did not differ from T3, T4 and T1 with values of 3.40, 13.42 and 13.67 pods plant-1, respectively. The information generated will be a valuable contribution to be applied in the improvement of the cultivation of this nutritionally important species.