Caracterización físicoquímica de compost y vermicompost en la finca experimental Lodana, cantón Santa Ana.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of compost and vermicompost produced at the Lodana Experimental Farm, Santa Ana canton, to determine their quality and agricultural potential. Parameters such as dry matter, humidity, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, carbon, and essential nutrients (macronutrients and micronutrients) were analyzed. Two types of fertilizers (compost and vermicompost) and two types of complementary material were used: domestic organic waste and corn stover, plus sawdust and bovine manure. The results obtained showed that no treatment reached the optimal values for quality compost, especially in dry matter and humidity, although the apparent density was adequate. The pH of all treatments was within the acceptable range, and the electrical conductivity values were low, which could limit their effectiveness in soils. Regarding organic matter and carbon, vermicompost (T3) presented better levels, suggesting a greater potential contribution to soil fertility. However, the carbon-nitrogen ratio in this treatment was a bit high, while in the others it remained within the appropriate range. As for macronutrients, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the treatments was variable, both in compost and vermicompost. Micronutrients, such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc, also showed differences in their concentration. Although none of the treatments meets all the optimal parameters for quality compost, both the compost and vermicompost produced on the farm have characteristics that make them suitable for agricultural applications. These fertilizers can be used depending on the specific needs of the soil and the crop, although it is recommended to continue with adjustments in the production process to optimize the quality of the products obtained.