El bullying escolar del décimo año de básico de la unidad educativa “Manuel Espinales Santana”, periodo 2024.

Abstract

In educational institutions in Ecuador, bullying manifests through physical aggression, verbal abuse, and social exclusion, negatively affecting students' emotional well-being, psychological health, and concentration. Victims develop fear, rejection, and loss of confidence, which compromises their ability to understand and pay attention. Despite efforts to address the issue, significant obstacles remain in preventing and managing bullying, often minimized by the educational community. This has important academic and psychological repercussions, hindering learning and reducing motivation to attend school. The research aimed to analyze the effects of bullying on tenth-grade students at the Unidad Educativa "Manuel Espinales Santana." The study was conducted under a positivist paradigm and used a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach. Quantitative data were collected using a survey technique with a questionnaire administered to 39 tenth-grade students. To obtain qualitative perspectives, a semi-structured interview was conducted with the psychologist from the Student Counseling Department. The results revealed that school bullying, particularly verbal and social, negatively impacts the academic performance and emotional well-being of tenth-grade students, with 77% reporting having been victims. The affected students exhibit decreased concentration, anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Current preventive measures are insufficient due to a lack of resources, staff training, and limited parental involvement, highlighting the urgent need for improvements.