El caligrama como técnica para desarrollar la expresión lírica.

Abstract

The calligram is defined as a poetic composition in which the text is arranged visually to form an image related to its content. This resource, in addition to being an artistic expression, positively impacts writing by fostering creativity, imagination, and aesthetic sensibility in students. However, ninth-year students of upper basic general education experience limitations in poetic writing, specifically in lyrical expression, due to a lack of motivation, the predominance of traditional methods, and the absence of innovative pedagogical strategies that hinder the development of creative skills. Given this problem, this research aimed to analyze the calligram as a technique for developing lyrical expression in ninth-year students of primary school at the Lev Vigotsky Private Educational Unit in Manta, Ecuador. The approach was qualitative and based on semi-structured interviews with teachers, direct observation, and a practical activity of creating the calligram, with a sample composed of 31 students and 2 teachers. The analysis of the results focused on indicators such as the use of visual forms, symbolic figures, the relationship between text and image, skill development, and the transmission of feelings. It was concluded that this technique constitutes an effective pedagogical resource for strengthening lyrical expression, enabling meaningful and motivating aesthetic experiences. Therefore, its incorporation is recommended as a teaching tool capable of fostering critical thinking, imagination, artistic sensitivity, and creative freedom in students.